Proposed research projects for Summer 2010.


Supervisor Name
Research Project
Richard Anstee
Extremal set problems consider families F of subsets of {1,2,...,m} and given an additional property, try to determine either the maximum number of sets |F|, or perhaps the structure of set families with the property.  The particular problems that will be studied involve `Forbidden Configurations' or the closely related problem of forbidden submatrices. There are grand conjectures and also very specific problems to study. This is part of a long term project.

In general the project does not require a lot of background (simple induction is a basic tool) but needs much cleverness.
Martin Barlow and
Gordon Slade
The project is two topics in probability theory/statistical physics.
Both will involve computer simulation of random processes. Some
knowledge of both probability theory and structured programming
languages is desirable.

1. Random media and exclusion process.

Physicists working on solar cells have recently observed the odd
phenomena that putting more electrons into the system increases the
conductivity of the material. This project will examine one model for
this, and will involve doing computer simulations of a random walk
in a random media. No physics knowledge is needed.

2. Branching random walk.

The project will study random networks arising from brancing random
walks. We are interested in the electrical resistance of the network,
and time it takes a random walk in the network to move a distance R
from the origin.
Ailana Fraser
Title: Minimal surfaces

Minimization problems arise naturally in many branches of mathematics and science. For example, problems in navigation involve finding paths of least length (`geodesics') on the earth's surface. Minimal surfaces, which are two-dimensional analogs of geodesics, are minimizers (or simply critical points) of the area function, and arise naturally in material science; for example in fluid interface problems and elasticity problems. A simple physical example of a minimal surface is the soap film that forms after dipping a wire frame into a soap solution. By the laws of surface tension this soap film has the property that it is stable, that is it becomes larger under slight deformations. The theory of minimal surfaces (and submanifolds) has had striking applications, for example to general relativity and low dimensional topology. This project will involve studying existence of minimal surfaces, properties of minimal surfaces, and applications.
Joel Friedman
Graph theory.
Masoud Kamgarpour
Title: Multiplication in Hecke Algebras.

Hecke algebras are central objects in studying representations of groups. For the general linear group, understanding the multiplication in Hecke algebra amounts to clever tricks with matrices. The project I have in mind involves implementing linear algebraic trick for understanding the convolution product of Hecke algebras. The interested student be very comfortable with linear algebra, and have had some exposure to abstract algebra. Some background in problem solving, for instance, Putnam or Math Olympiads, may also be helpful. 

Mahta Khosravi and
Malabika Pramanik
Title: Spectra of Sol-manifolds.

This is a group project suitable for a group of 2-3 students.
Young-Heon Kim
Title: Study of optimal transport phenomena.

The theory of optimal transport is concerned with phenomena arising when one matches two mass distributions in a most economic way, minimizing certain transportation cost of moving mass from one location to another. We consider such optimal transport problems for discrete or continuous mass distributions in various situations. We plan to study how such "optimal maps" look like. This requires some solid background in mathematical analysis (for example, in such courses as both MATH 320 and MATH 321).
Anthony Peirce

Title: Novel Approximation Schemes for Hydraulic Fractures

We plan to investigate the numerical solution of an integral equation that governs the propagation of a fracture in an elastic medium under conditions of plane strain. We will consider a piecewise cubic Hermite approximation to the crack-opening-displacement which is used along with a collocation technique on a uniform mesh. We will also consider various approximation strategies for a propagating fracture, which does not coincide with the prescribed uniform mesh. The Hermite scheme will then be used to solve the dynamic model for a hydraulic fracture propagating in an elastic medium. It is proposed that a computer code will be developed in MATLAB and the numerical solutions will be checked against existing asymptotic solutions.

Hamid Usefi
Title: McEliece Public-Key Cryptosystems

Diffie and Hellman in 1976 introduced the concept of public-key cryptosystem (PKC). Since then many PKCs have been proposed based on integer factoring, discrete logarithm, inverting polynomial equations and so on. However, the unbroken (secure for now) PKCs constitutes only a small class of such systems that includes elliptic curve cryptosystems and the widely used RSA. The McEliece PKC, proposed in 1978,  is one of few alternatives for PKCs based on IFP or DLP. It is based on the decoding problem of a large linear code.

It is preferred that the student has taken an elementary coding theory/cryptography course.  Strong background in algebra and computing programs such as Maple or Matlab is a plus.
Michael Ward
Title: Mean First Passage Time in Domains with Traps: Brownian Simulations

There are many biological diffusion problems where a protein receptor
must diffuse either within a cell or on the surface of a cell in the
presence of many localized traps where it can be absorbed. Recently, there
has been an asymptotic theory developed to analytically calculate the mean
first passage time in the limit of small trap size. The goal of this
project is to use different numerical algorithms, based on stochastic
simulations such as the "Walk-on-Sphere" or Gillespie algorithm, to
numerically predict the mean first passage time through averaging over many
realizations, and then comparing these results with the recent analytical
results and some other results in the biophysical literature. It
would be helpful to have some exposure to differential equations, a course
in elementary probability, and some experience in programming. The student
will be exposed to stochastic simulations, asymptotic analysis, PDE, and
some diffusion problems in biology.